Scientists have developed a 3D bioprinting platform that assembles functional cilvēka neural tissues. The progenitor cells in the printed tissues grow to form neural circuits and make functional connections with other neurons thus mimicking natural smadzenes tissues. This is a significant progress in neural tissue engineering and in 3D bioprinting technology. Such bioprinted neural tissues can be used in modelling cilvēka diseases (such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s etc.) caused due to impairment of neural networks. Any investigation of disease of brain requires understanding how the cilvēka neural networks operate.
3D biodruka ir aditīvs process, kurā piemērots dabisks vai sintētisks biomateriāls (biotinte) tiek sajaukts ar dzīvām šūnām un drukāts pa slāņiem dabīgās audiem līdzīgās trīsdimensiju struktūrās. Šūnas aug biotintē, un struktūras attīstās, lai atdarinātu dabiskos audus vai orgānus. Šī tehnoloģija ir atradusi pielietojumu reģeneratīvs medicine for bioprinting of cells, tissues and organs and in research as model to study cilvēka ķermenis in vitro, jo īpaši cilvēka nervu sistēma.
Pētījums par cilvēka nervous system faces limitations due to unavailability of primary samples. Animal models are helpful but suffer from species-specific differences hence the imperative of in vitro models of the cilvēka nervous system to investigate how the cilvēka neural networks operate towards finding treatments for diseases attributed to impairment of neural networks.
Cilvēka neural tissues have been 3D printed in the past using stem cells however these lacked neural network formation. The printed tissue had not shown to have formed connections between cells for several reasons. These shortcomings have been overcome now.
Nesenā pētījumā pētnieki chose fibrin hydrogel (consisting of fibrinogen and thrombin) as the basic bioink and planned to print a layered structure in which progenitor cells could grow and form synapses within and across layers, but they changed the way layers are stacked during printing. Instead of traditional way of stacking layers vertically, they chose to print layers next to another horizontally. Apparently, this made the difference. Their 3D bioprinting platform was found to assemble functional cilvēka neural tissue. An improvement over other existing platforms, the cilvēka neural tissue printed by this platform formed neural networks and functional connections with other neurons and glial cells within and between layers. This is the first such case and is a significant step forward in neural tissue engineering. Laboratory synthesis of nerve tissue that mimics brain in function sounds exciting. This progress will certainly help researchers in modelling cilvēka diseases of brain caused due to impaired neural network to better understand the mechanism for finding a possible treatment.
***
Norādes:
- Kadena M., un citi 2020. Neirālo audu 3D biodrukāšana. Advanced Health Care Materials, 10. sējums, 15. izdevums, 2001600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202001600
- Jans J., un citi 2024. 3D bioprinting of cilvēka neural tissues with functional connectivity. Cell Stem Cell Technology| Volume 31, Issue 2, P260-274.E7, February 01, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.009
***
